E-ISSN 3115-5057 | ISSN 3115-5049
 
2025, Vol: 2, Issue: 2
2 / 2Current Issue Online FirstArchiveAims and ScopeAbstracting & Indexing

Research Article 


Removal of Some Toxic Metals from Pharmaceutical Wastewater Using Geopolymer/Fe3O4/ZnO nanocomposite: Isotherm, Kinetics and Thermodynamic Studies

John Tsado Mathew, Monday Musah, Yakubu Azeh, Musa Mohammed.


Abstract
The removal of toxic metals from pharmaceutical wastewater is a pressing environmental concern. In this study, a novel nanocomposite material composed of geopolymer, Fe3O4, and ZnO was synthesized and investigated for its efficacy in removing toxic metals from wastewater. The adsorption behavior of the nanocomposite was studied using isotherm, kinetics, and thermodynamic analyses. The results demonstrated that, the adsorption rates increased as the dosage amounts for Cu, Cd, and Pb ions ranged from 0.4 to 1.2 g. Specifically, the percentage of adsorption ranged from 62.62% to 100% for Cu, from 58.15% to 100% for Cd, and from 52.06% to 100% for Pb. Results obtained from X-ray diffraction pattern shows distinct pattern which corresponds to distinct diffraction peaks corresponding to ZnO at angles of 2? = 31.3ﾰ, 34.2ﾰ, 36.5ﾰ, 47.1ﾰ, 56.7ﾰ, 62.4ﾰ, 66.1ﾰ, 67.4ﾰ, and 69.3ﾰ. These angles correspond to the crystallographic indices (100), (002), (101), (102), (110), (103), (200), (112), and (201), respectively. Furthermore, we also identified diffraction peaks associated with Fe3O4 at angles of 2? = 30.1ﾰ, 35.4ﾰ, 43.1ﾰ, 53.4ﾰ, 57.7ﾰ, and 62.4ﾰ. Overall, the Geopolymer/Fe3O4/ZnO nanocomposite shows great promise as an efficient adsorbent for the removal of toxic metals from pharmaceutical wastewater, offering potential for addressing environmental concerns associated with pharmaceutical industry effluents. Further research is warranted to explore its scalability and practical application in wastewater treatment processes.

Key words: Adsorption, Metals, Nanocomposite, pharmaceutical, Toxic, wastewater


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Mathew JT, Musah M, Azeh Y, Mohammed M. Removal of Some Toxic Metals from Pharmaceutical Wastewater Using Geopolymer/Fe3O4/ZnO nanocomposite: Isotherm, Kinetics and Thermodynamic Studies. CUJOSTECH. 2024; 1(1): 50-57. doi:10.5455/CUJOSTECH.240706

Web Style

Mathew JT, Musah M, Azeh Y, Mohammed M. Removal of Some Toxic Metals from Pharmaceutical Wastewater Using Geopolymer/Fe3O4/ZnO nanocomposite: Isotherm, Kinetics and Thermodynamic Studies. https://www.cujostech.com.ng/?mno=197638 [Access: June 23, 2026]. doi:10.5455/CUJOSTECH.240706

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Mathew JT, Musah M, Azeh Y, Mohammed M. Removal of Some Toxic Metals from Pharmaceutical Wastewater Using Geopolymer/Fe3O4/ZnO nanocomposite: Isotherm, Kinetics and Thermodynamic Studies. CUJOSTECH. 2024; 1(1): 50-57. doi:10.5455/CUJOSTECH.240706


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Mathew JT, Musah M, Azeh Y, Mohammed M. Removal of Some Toxic Metals from Pharmaceutical Wastewater Using Geopolymer/Fe3O4/ZnO nanocomposite: Isotherm, Kinetics and Thermodynamic Studies. CUJOSTECH. (2024), [cited June 23, 2026]; 1(1): 50-57. doi:10.5455/CUJOSTECH.240706


Harvard Style

Mathew, J. T., Musah, . M., Azeh, . Y. & Mohammed, . M. (2024) Removal of Some Toxic Metals from Pharmaceutical Wastewater Using Geopolymer/Fe3O4/ZnO nanocomposite: Isotherm, Kinetics and Thermodynamic Studies. CUJOSTECH, 1 (1), 50-57. doi:10.5455/CUJOSTECH.240706


Turabian Style

Mathew, John Tsado, Monday Musah, Yakubu Azeh, and Musa Mohammed. 2024. Removal of Some Toxic Metals from Pharmaceutical Wastewater Using Geopolymer/Fe3O4/ZnO nanocomposite: Isotherm, Kinetics and Thermodynamic Studies. Confluence University Journal of Science and Technology, 1 (1), 50-57. doi:10.5455/CUJOSTECH.240706


Chicago Style

Mathew, John Tsado, Monday Musah, Yakubu Azeh, and Musa Mohammed. "Removal of Some Toxic Metals from Pharmaceutical Wastewater Using Geopolymer/Fe3O4/ZnO nanocomposite: Isotherm, Kinetics and Thermodynamic Studies." Confluence University Journal of Science and Technology 1 (2024), 50-57. doi:10.5455/CUJOSTECH.240706


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Mathew, John Tsado, Monday Musah, Yakubu Azeh, and Musa Mohammed. "Removal of Some Toxic Metals from Pharmaceutical Wastewater Using Geopolymer/Fe3O4/ZnO nanocomposite: Isotherm, Kinetics and Thermodynamic Studies." Confluence University Journal of Science and Technology 1.1 (2024), 50-57. Print. doi:10.5455/CUJOSTECH.240706


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Mathew, J. T., Musah, . M., Azeh, . Y. & Mohammed, . M. (2024) Removal of Some Toxic Metals from Pharmaceutical Wastewater Using Geopolymer/Fe3O4/ZnO nanocomposite: Isotherm, Kinetics and Thermodynamic Studies. Confluence University Journal of Science and Technology, 1 (1), 50-57. doi:10.5455/CUJOSTECH.240706


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