Evaluation of the Physicochemical and Antioxidants Properties of Freeze-Dried Beetroot Colourants Extract Using Different Levels of Citric Acid

Tosin John Omolade; Mofoluwaso Olufunmilola Ojo; Caleb Maina Yakubu; Adeiza Bashir Zubair; Yohanna Audu

doi:10.5455/CUJOSTECH.250404

2025, Vol: 2, Issue: 2

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Original Research
Online Published: 27 Jun 2025

CUJOSTECH. 2025; 2(1): 64-69

doi: 10.5455/CUJOSTECH.250404

Evaluation of the Physicochemical and Antioxidants Properties of Freeze-Dried Beetroot Colourants Extract Using Different Levels of Citric Acid

Tosin John Omolade, Mofoluwaso Olufunmilola Ojo, Caleb Maina Yakubu, Adeiza Bashir Zubair, Yohanna Audu.

Abstract
This research investigated freeze-dried beetroot colourants extracted using citric acid as green organic solvent at 1-5% citric acid concentration and water as the control. The physicochemical and antioxidants activities were determined using standard methods of analysis. Mineral investigation showed that phosphorus and potassium were predominant, though with a significant decrease from 150.98 mg/100g at 0 % citric acid to 101.28 mg/100g at 5 % citric acid for phosphorous. However, the potassium content ranged from 131.78 mg/100g at 0 % to 152.76 mg/100g at 3 %, the citric acid extracted beetroot colourants had higher potassium content. Also, as the concentration of citric acid increased, there was a significant (p<0.05) decrease in the pH, with increase in titratable acidity and lightness of the samples. The antioxidant properties showed a noteworthy radical scavenging ability with a strong IC50 values of DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), and ABTS (2,2’-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging activity ranging between 48.60 to 85.63 µg/mL and 48.87 – 85.76 µg/mL respectively. This study reveals promising potentials in the freeze-dried extracts that could be utilized in the food product development and pharmaceutical industries to enhance life quality as well as the impact of different citric acid concentration in beetroot colourant extraction and its relevance as solvent in beetroots colourants extraction.

Key words: Antioxidants, Freeze-dried, Colourant, Minerals, Beetroots.

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How to Cite this Article

Pubmed Style

Omolade TJ, Ojo MO, Yakubu CM, Zubair AB, Audu Y. Evaluation of the Physicochemical and Antioxidants Properties of Freeze-Dried Beetroot Colourants Extract Using Different Levels of Citric Acid. CUJOSTECH. 2025; 2(1): 64-69. doi:10.5455/CUJOSTECH.250404

Web Style

Omolade TJ, Ojo MO, Yakubu CM, Zubair AB, Audu Y. Evaluation of the Physicochemical and Antioxidants Properties of Freeze-Dried Beetroot Colourants Extract Using Different Levels of Citric Acid. https://www.cujostech.com.ng/?mno=263597 [Access: June 22, 2026]. doi:10.5455/CUJOSTECH.250404

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Omolade TJ, Ojo MO, Yakubu CM, Zubair AB, Audu Y. Evaluation of the Physicochemical and Antioxidants Properties of Freeze-Dried Beetroot Colourants Extract Using Different Levels of Citric Acid. CUJOSTECH. 2025; 2(1): 64-69. doi:10.5455/CUJOSTECH.250404

Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Omolade TJ, Ojo MO, Yakubu CM, Zubair AB, Audu Y. Evaluation of the Physicochemical and Antioxidants Properties of Freeze-Dried Beetroot Colourants Extract Using Different Levels of Citric Acid. CUJOSTECH. (2025), [cited June 22, 2026]; 2(1): 64-69. doi:10.5455/CUJOSTECH.250404

Harvard Style

Omolade, T. J., Ojo, . M. O., Yakubu, . C. M., Zubair, . A. B. & Audu, . Y. (2025) Evaluation of the Physicochemical and Antioxidants Properties of Freeze-Dried Beetroot Colourants Extract Using Different Levels of Citric Acid. CUJOSTECH, 2 (1), 64-69. doi:10.5455/CUJOSTECH.250404

Turabian Style

Omolade, Tosin John, Mofoluwaso Olufunmilola Ojo, Caleb Maina Yakubu, Adeiza Bashir Zubair, and Yohanna Audu. 2025. Evaluation of the Physicochemical and Antioxidants Properties of Freeze-Dried Beetroot Colourants Extract Using Different Levels of Citric Acid. Confluence University Journal of Science and Technology, 2 (1), 64-69. doi:10.5455/CUJOSTECH.250404

Chicago Style

Omolade, Tosin John, Mofoluwaso Olufunmilola Ojo, Caleb Maina Yakubu, Adeiza Bashir Zubair, and Yohanna Audu. "Evaluation of the Physicochemical and Antioxidants Properties of Freeze-Dried Beetroot Colourants Extract Using Different Levels of Citric Acid." Confluence University Journal of Science and Technology 2 (2025), 64-69. doi:10.5455/CUJOSTECH.250404

MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Omolade, T. J., Ojo, . M. O., Yakubu, . C. M., Zubair, . A. B. & Audu, . Y. (2025) Evaluation of the Physicochemical and Antioxidants Properties of Freeze-Dried Beetroot Colourants Extract Using Different Levels of Citric Acid. Confluence University Journal of Science and Technology, 2 (1), 64-69. doi:10.5455/CUJOSTECH.250404

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