E-ISSN 3043-6125 | ISSN 3043-6133
 
2024, Vol: 1, Issue: 2
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Research Article 


Bayesian Geo-additive Modelling of State-level Heterogeneity In Anaemia Prevalence and Risk Factors Among Under Five Children In Nigeria

Aminu Ibrahim, Rashid A Adeyemi, Abubakar Usman, Nasiru U Adabara, Aisha Oyiza Musa.


Abstract
Anemia is a very serious global health issue, particularly in sub-Saharan African countries, where it has significant implications for both human health and economic development. This study aims to identify the socioeconomic, demographic and climatic factors as well as geographical variations linked to the prevalence of anaemia in young children in Nigeria, based on the results of the 2018 Nigeria demographic and health survey. The association between various types of covariates and possible spatial variations was explored using a hierarchical Bayesian geo-additive modelling approach. In particular, the study focused on a binary response variable. Out of the four formulated semi-parametric models, geo-additive model with both structured and unstructured random effects was found to be the best fitted. The findings of the study reveal significant spatial variation in anemia risk, with the highest risk observed in the states of Sokoto, Niger, Akwa Ibom, Ebonyi and Bauchi. Besides, educational level of a child’s mother, wealth status of household, a child’s area of residence, prevalence of malaria and land surface temperature were all associated with childhood anemia. The prevalence of infant anemia decreased with increasing child's age. Mother’s Body Mass Index also has inverse relationship with the risk of childhood anaemia. Given the observed state-level patterns of anemia risk, it is important to implement targeted programs that address the specific needs of vulnerable children in each state. This could help reduce the prevalence of childhood anemia in the Nigeria.

Key words: Anaemia, geo-additive model, binary, temperature, prevalence, spatial variation.


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Ibrahim A, Adeyemi RA, Usman A, Adabara NU, Musa AO. Bayesian Geo-additive Modelling of State-level Heterogeneity In Anaemia Prevalence and Risk Factors Among Under Five Children In Nigeria. CUJOSTECH. 2024; 1(2): 101-109. doi:10.5455/CUJOSTECH.241011

Web Style

Ibrahim A, Adeyemi RA, Usman A, Adabara NU, Musa AO. Bayesian Geo-additive Modelling of State-level Heterogeneity In Anaemia Prevalence and Risk Factors Among Under Five Children In Nigeria. https://www.cujostech.com.ng/?mno=229578 [Access: February 24, 2025]. doi:10.5455/CUJOSTECH.241011

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Ibrahim A, Adeyemi RA, Usman A, Adabara NU, Musa AO. Bayesian Geo-additive Modelling of State-level Heterogeneity In Anaemia Prevalence and Risk Factors Among Under Five Children In Nigeria. CUJOSTECH. 2024; 1(2): 101-109. doi:10.5455/CUJOSTECH.241011


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Ibrahim A, Adeyemi RA, Usman A, Adabara NU, Musa AO. Bayesian Geo-additive Modelling of State-level Heterogeneity In Anaemia Prevalence and Risk Factors Among Under Five Children In Nigeria. CUJOSTECH. (2024), [cited February 24, 2025]; 1(2): 101-109. doi:10.5455/CUJOSTECH.241011


Harvard Style

Ibrahim, A., Adeyemi, . R. A., Usman, . A., Adabara, . N. U. & Musa, . A. O. (2024) Bayesian Geo-additive Modelling of State-level Heterogeneity In Anaemia Prevalence and Risk Factors Among Under Five Children In Nigeria. CUJOSTECH, 1 (2), 101-109. doi:10.5455/CUJOSTECH.241011


Turabian Style

Ibrahim, Aminu, Rashid A Adeyemi, Abubakar Usman, Nasiru U Adabara, and Aisha Oyiza Musa. 2024. Bayesian Geo-additive Modelling of State-level Heterogeneity In Anaemia Prevalence and Risk Factors Among Under Five Children In Nigeria. Confluence University Journal of Science and Technology, 1 (2), 101-109. doi:10.5455/CUJOSTECH.241011


Chicago Style

Ibrahim, Aminu, Rashid A Adeyemi, Abubakar Usman, Nasiru U Adabara, and Aisha Oyiza Musa. "Bayesian Geo-additive Modelling of State-level Heterogeneity In Anaemia Prevalence and Risk Factors Among Under Five Children In Nigeria." Confluence University Journal of Science and Technology 1 (2024), 101-109. doi:10.5455/CUJOSTECH.241011


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Ibrahim, Aminu, Rashid A Adeyemi, Abubakar Usman, Nasiru U Adabara, and Aisha Oyiza Musa. "Bayesian Geo-additive Modelling of State-level Heterogeneity In Anaemia Prevalence and Risk Factors Among Under Five Children In Nigeria." Confluence University Journal of Science and Technology 1.2 (2024), 101-109. Print. doi:10.5455/CUJOSTECH.241011


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Ibrahim, A., Adeyemi, . R. A., Usman, . A., Adabara, . N. U. & Musa, . A. O. (2024) Bayesian Geo-additive Modelling of State-level Heterogeneity In Anaemia Prevalence and Risk Factors Among Under Five Children In Nigeria. Confluence University Journal of Science and Technology, 1 (2), 101-109. doi:10.5455/CUJOSTECH.241011


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